The experiment revealed 33 groups of virus genuses (also known as genera) in the ice cores.
scientists are concerned that ancient pathogens and toxic chemicals may be released into the environment and researchers pulled samples of smallpox, Spanish flu, bubonic plague, coronavirus and even anthrax from thawing permafrost.
associated with the thawing permafrost, Swedish Nuclear Waste Management, a company that stores Sweden, Finland, and Canada's spent nuclear fuel atop in the permafrost, potentially jeopardize the structural integrity of the nuclear waste containment system they have there
While scientists have discovered a seemingly endless series of terrifying plagues, diseases, and chemicals, they discovered an ancient 18,000-year-old doggo aka wolf.
August 2016, in a remote corner of Siberian tundra called the Yamal Peninsula in the Arctic Circle, a 12-year-old boy died and at least twenty people were hospitalised after being infected by anthrax.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36951542
A reindeer infected with anthrax died and its frozen carcass became trapped under a layer of frozen soil, In early 20th Century, more than a million reindeer died from anthrax. Most carcasses scattered among 7,000 burial grounds in northern Russia—
For instance, scientists have discovered fragments of RNA from the 1918 Spanish flu virus in corpses buried in mass graves in Alaska's tundra. Smallpox and the bubonic plague are buried in Siberia—
In a 2011 study, Boris Revich and Marina Podolnaya wrote: "The vectors of deadly infections of the 18th and 19th Centuries may come back, especially near the cemeteries where the victims of these infections were buried."
For instance, in the 1890s there was a major epidemic of smallpox in Siberia. One town lost up to 40% of its population. Their bodies were buried under the upper layer of permafrost on the banks of the Kolyma River. 120 years later, Kolyma's floodwaters eroding the banks..
Now, get this: The scientists revived
the viruses quickly became infectious 2 yrs later, they revive an 8-million-yr-old bacterium that had been lying dormant in ice, beneath the surface of a glacier in the Beacon and Mullins valleys of where? That’s right, Antarctica
the viruses quickly became infectious 2 yrs later, they revive an 8-million-yr-old bacterium that had been lying dormant in ice, beneath the surface of a glacier in the Beacon and Mullins valleys of where? That’s right, Antarctica
Most viruses are rapidly inactivated outside host cells, due to light, desiccation, or spontaneous biochemical degradation, For instance, if their DNA is damaged beyond possible repair, the virions will no longer be infectious. However, among known viruses,—
We could even see viruses from long-extinct hominin species like Neanderthals and Denisovans, both settled in Siberia and were riddled with various viral diseases. Remains of Neanderthals have been spotted in Russia. Human populations have lived there, sickened and died.
NASA scientists found 10-50,000-year-old microbes inside crystals in a Mexican mine and have been analyzing the DNA content of permafrost layers, searching for the genetic signature of viruses and bacteria that could infect humans
The crystals Naica cave in Mexico 2011
The crystals Naica cave in Mexico 2011
The team has also found a few DNA sequences that seem to come from viruses, incl herpes. However, they have not as yet found any trace of smallpox. For obvious reasons, they have not yet attempted to revive
any >pathogens. Scientists have previously claimed to revive bugs—
any >pathogens. Scientists have previously claimed to revive bugs—
Even older bacteria have been found in the Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico, 1,000ft underground. These microbes have not seen the surface for over 4 million years.
Antibiotic resistance has been around for millions or even billions of years, the bacteria have somehow become resistant to 18 types of antibiotics, including drugs considered to be a "last resort" for fighting infections.
Tibet
— In a study published December 2016, researchers found that the bacteria found, known as Paenibacillus sp. LC231, was resistant to 70% of antibiotics and was able to totally inactivate many of them.
So, with the scientist reviving these old viruses,—— the bacteria and viruses found have remained completely isolated in the cave for years, they have not come into contact with people or the antibiotic drugs used to treat human infections. That means its antibiotic resistance totally, a deadly potent with no cure
Scientist Re-created an Extinct Virus
scientificamerican.com/article/scient
Biggest-ever virus revived from Stone Age permafrost
newscientist.com/article/dn2515
Ancient never-before-seen viruses discovered locked up in Tibetan glacier
22 January 2020
Scientists revive 30,000 yr old virus & it is still infectious!
Professor Jean-Michel Claverie, from the National Centre of Scientific Research told BBC News that ancient strains of smallpox virus, which was declared eradicated 30yrs ago, could pose a risk
FYI: Can a virus change ur DNA?
Depending on virus, a variety of genetic changes occur in host cell
The viral DNA will persist within host cell & replicate as cell replicates. This viral DNA can either be incorp into host cell's genetic material or persist separate genetic vector
FYI continued
— Either case can lead to damage of the host cell's chromosomes. It is possible that damage can be repaired; however, most common result is an instability in the original genetic material or suppression or alteration of the gene expression.
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